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POETRY OF PLACE: HELPING STUDENTS WRITE THEIR WORLDS

Terry Hermsen / Otterbein University   
NCTE CONFERENCE  Las Vegas / 2012

How to Engage Students in Poetry

This book is chockfull of student poetry samples and unique ideas, including field trips and a poetry night hike, to spark students' imaginations and inspire them to write poetry.

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Poetry of Place: Helping Students Write Their Worlds isn’t your typical book about teaching poetry. Sure, you’ll find plenty of information on helping students learn the fundamentals of writing poetry. But you’ll also find creative, innovative ways to engage students in poetry―even those students who may be initially resistant to poetry. Through his extensive work with students in grade school through high school, poet-in-residence Terry Hermsen has learned how to foster a love of poetry by taking the learning out of the classroom―and into students’ real lives. With numerous lessons and activities, Hermsen demonstrates how even the most mundane, everyday items―from “stuff” to food to photographs―can spark the imagination of student poets. Truly teacher-tested, Hermsen’s lessons draw on his extensive teaching career as well as a semester-long case study conducted in two high school English classes in Mt. Gilead, Ohio. Activities include using literature and art to spark ideas for poems, transforming a routine field trip into a poetry-writing session, and exploring nature and students’ surroundings through a poetry night hike. Filled with student examples, this book illustrates that poetry doesn’t have to be boring. It can help students develop interpretive and creative thinking skills while helping them better understand the world around them, wherever they may live.

Exercises and Excerpts

​A Generative Cycle: Four Tasks of Poetry

Metaphor 

 

“Unless you are at home in the metaphor, unless you’ve had your proper poetical education in the metaphor, you are not safe anywhere. Because you are not at ease with figurative values: you don’t know the metaphor in its strengths and its weaknesses. You don’t know how far you may expect to ride it and when it may break down with you. You are not safe in science; you are not safe in history.”                         -Robert Frost, “Education by Poetry”

 

from John Ciardi (How Does a Poem Mean?): all words as metaphor…

          examples: “Clue” = originally “clew,” a ball of string or yarn. Theseus unwound a clew as he made his way through the labyrinth.

          Or: “Curfew” = form the French words: “couvrir” (cover) + “feu” (fire)  The Medieval rule being that “domestic fires must be extinguished at bedtime” (to prevent the house—and the town—burning down).

Physicality

 

“Through metaphor, we make use of patterns that obtain in our physical experience to organize our more abstract understanding.”   

-Mark Johnson, The Body in the Mind  (emphasis mine)

Just as we use phrases like “We’re not there yet…” or “Literacy metaphor occupies just a small corner in the house of analogical thought.” “A concept is a package of analogies.”

​

-D.R. Hofstadter, in “Analogy as the Core of Cognition” in which he speaks of the word “shadow” as a physical concept we apply in various analogical ways:

  1. A mountain chain’s “rain shadow”

  2. “a young woman who aspires to join her high-school swimming team but whose mother was an Olympic swimmer… ‘swimming in the shadow of her mother’”

  3. As well as a “population shadow” used by geographers to refer to situations such as that after WWII where certain decimated groups had a drop in births for several generations.”

Visuality

 

-W.J.T. Mitchell, from Iconology & Picture Theory:

“Postmodernism is an explosive breaking down of that barrier between vision and language that had been rigorously maintained by modernism.”

 

“Word and image are like two hunters pursuing their quarry by two paths.”

 

“Everything—nature, politics, sex, other people—comes to us now as an image.”

 

“[For Foucault,] knowledge itself is ‘a system of archeological strata made from things and words … from bands of visibility and bands of readability’.”

Play

 

from Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Biographia Literaria:

 “The primary IMAGINATION I hold to be the living power and prime agent of all human perception … The secondary I consider as an echo of the former, coexisting with the conscious will … and differing only in degree … It [the secondary imagination] dissolves, dissipates, in order to recreate …” 

 

from Susan Stewart, Nonsense

“Each world presents a system of differences in relation to any other world. To step into the artistic text is to transform the external into the internal … And each transformation opens up the possibilities of transformation itself.”

 

“Like [money], [language] is a confidence game society plays with and against itself.” 

 

from Johan Huizinga, Homo Ludens: “Civilization arises and unfolds in and as play.”

 

from Gregory Bateson, Steps Toward an Ecology of Mind:

          “This is what we’re doing much of the time … plugging in

          ‘ready-made sentences’ to substitute for thought. … In order

          to think new thoughts, or to say new things, we have to break

           up all our ready-made ideas and shuffle the pieces.”

Four Sample Assignments

Exercise #1: Mockingbird Moments: Riddles for Novels   

Riddle for one moment in To Kill a Mockingbird

 

Knocking on the chamber door

An answer

Skulking, hit by a breeze of dragon's breath

Dark, gloomy, a hint of courage or death

Holding my sentence in my hand

I enter

wretched visions

I start to slay

                                                -Josh (10th grade/Mt.Gilead, Ohio)

MR EWELL

 

The cool drink is like a morning dewdrop

to my tongue. But I don't taste it.

The smell of fall rushes through my nostrils,

but I don't smell it.

My mind is as focused as I can,

here with this bottle in my hand.

I hear some children talking - it's HIS boy.

My nose boils and I start following them in

this blue-black darkness.

They stop, I stop, I feel the cold shine of

the metal on my thigh. I pull it out, and grin

wickedly.

This is best served cold!

I race at them, but the boy hears me. That ain’t

right, he has a ham?

He hits me but I hit him harder. He falls...

I slice at the ham.

I twist his arm and hear a crack, like a branch

snapping in a high wind.

Someone else is here, I hear them, I turn

but trip, I put my hand out, but this cold, hard

metal was waiting... I fall, never thinking, but

I feel something hit my stomach.

The knife had been waiting... for me.

 

                                    -Brian D. (10th

grade/ Mt. Gilead, Ohio)

Elizabeth Proctor  (based on The Crucible)

 

The dirt is rusting,

the walls bare.

But light

shoots like an

arrow through it.

The wall breaks

down.

There he stands,

his head like

a torch,

his body,

the sun.

He reaches

for me,

I for him.

We touch

and I feel

silk and water,

yet feel nothing.

He raises his glamorous wings

and sails on the

moonlight,

the wall fixes

itself, but I am

not afraid,

for I have

the light in me.

                                         -Brian D. (10th

grade/ Mt. Gilead, Ohio)

Exercise #2: Earth Water Fire and Air   

​

Model Poem for using “the elements” for writing about memory:

                       

Childhood

                       

Newspapers scarred the stream;

Words swirled in the eddies;

Grey figures - a dead thief,

The President and his wife,

Two race horses - floated past

And sank...

Or snagged the rocks

Rippling the slow water

Until the sun, like a man

With a knife, cut them apart

So they could sail away.

  ...

 On the last night, outside my tent, someone

Startled the woods: a flashlight fluttered; twigs,

Like small animals, crackled underfoot;

Mosquitoes buzzed the netting. I held my breath

To hear the hushed voices, a muffled cough,

A siren down the road...

A match was struck,

I crawled outside: my mother and my father,

Dressed in white, stood near the sumac, waving

Their hands of fire. They touched the trees, they licked

Their palms, and rose above the burning woods.       

                                                                                                -Christopher Merrill, from Watch Fire

The Lure

           

Planted like a tree on the edge of the bank

My box of traps is my accomplice

Ripples, clouds that come and linger

Shifty and uncertain, it moves along...

  and comes back,

it is also my secret friend.

 

The light plays with my senses

My mind drifts and is consumed

The immaculate display of whim...

I am a willing captive.

           

            Bethany (10th gr., Mt. Gilead HS)

The Fire

 

Sitting there glowing in the night,

How I got here I don't know

People standing all around me rubbing their hands

They're relying on me to keep them warm

I start to flicker and shrink

A man grabs a stick and starts to poke at me

Trying to stay strong for their sake,

I just don't have the power to

So slowly I start to die

As I feel I've disappointed them

 

                          Brittany (10th gr., Mt.Gilead HS)

Building Our House

 

From the ground up we built it

The rocky earth was shifted, heaped, and moved

Until we found its position satisfactory

At first it was just a hole in the ground

But later it would become much more

 

The summer rains turned it into the mud puddle of a giant

Winter would bring icy winds

And freeze the earth solid

 

I can still hear the low hum then roar

Of the space heater

I can still smell the burning leaves

 

                        -Heather (10th gr., Mt. Gilead HS)

Climbing a tree or a rope

 

I hold fast to the earth as

I move up through the air. Knowing

if I were to let go, the air

would pass right through me, & I'd

be back to where the air

began.

 

                        Sarah M (10th gr., Mt. Gilead HS)

Exercise #3: Supposing   

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1. Pass out 35 blank cards to each "player."

 

2. Have each person put "concrete nouns" on the first ten, each word with a strong B, D, G, K, P, or T sound (called the mutes, and said by many people, including Mary Oliver, to be the strongest sounds in the language, especially for poetry).

 

3. Shuffle these cards and deal out four to yourself, leaving the blank cards aside.

 

4. For each of these four words, come up with three words that "alliterate" with it, either for the first letter or for other strong letters (for "strum," for instance, one might add three cards with "middle," "song" and "strike"). The only hint here would be to keep the words as physically or concrete based as possible. At this point, you will have 22 cards.

 

5. Now, add five active, interesting verbs from your blank cards. You will then have 27 word cards.

 

6. Shuffle all the cards-with-words on them again, and draw out four more, adding two "half-rhymes" for each (half-rhymes being words that almost rhyme, but not quite--such as "leaf" having some of the sound of "life," but not all; they can add a subtle new texture to poems, without the reader being so blatantly made aware of it, as with full rhyme).

 

This should give you a deck of 35 words, each with at least a certain amount of sound potential in relationship to the other words.

 

 

Model poem for working with “supposing” and playful language:

 

 SUPPOSE YOUR FATHER WAS A REDBIRD

 

Suppose his body was the meticulous layering

Of graduated down which you studied early,

Rows of feathers increasing in size to the hard-splayed

Wine-gloss tips of his outer edges.

 

Suppose, before you could speak, you watched

The slow spread of his wing over and over,

The appearance of that invisible appendage,

The unfolding transformation of his body to the airborne.

And you followed his departure again and again,

Learning to distinguish the red microbe of his being

Far into the line of the horizon.

Then today you might be the only one able to see

The breast of a single red bloom

Five miles away across an open field.

The modification of your eye might have enabled you

To spot a red moth hanging on an oak branch

In the exact center of the Aurorean Forest.

And you could define for us, "hearing red in the air,"

As you predict the day pollen from the poppy

Will blow in from the valley.

 

Naturally you would picture your faith arranged

In filamented principles moving from pink

To crimson at the final quill. And the red tremble

Of your dream you might explain as the shimmer

Of his back lost over the sea at dawn.

Your sudden visions you might interpret as the uncreasing

Of heaven, the bones of the sky spread,

The conceptualized wing of the mind untangling.

 

Imagine the intensity of your revelation

The night the entire body of a star turns red

And you watch it as it rushes in flames

Across the black, down into the hills.

​

If your father was a redbird,

Then you would be obligated to try to understand

What it is you recognize in the sun

As you study it again this evening

 

Pulling itself and the sky in dark red

Over the edge of the earth.                

-Pattiann Rogers, from FIRE KEEPER

 

 

STUDENT EXAMPLES—from Jill Grubb’s 10th grade English/Mt. Gilead, Ohio:

                       

Suppose sleepy sunsets were sheets of silk

Suppose gallantly green gardens were swallowed

in darkness   (Amber)

                                     

Suppose Christmas presents hung from pillows

Suppose the pinnacle of the beaming lamp ran away

Suppose the laugh of water could be heard all over    (Bethany)

                                     

Suppose stampedes were clumsy

Suppose laughter had a temper    (Nate)

                                     

Suppose a distant daylight dawned inside your brain    (Brian)

                                     

Suppose you were a catdog and romped in the grass

You looking dark and flubbery   (Heather)

                                     

Suppose all the stones were trees and all the trees

  were stone as the water is cement and the bus is a camel

Turn fur into dogs or a dock into a giant bomb exploding

  with a boom and a laugh, and every lock in the world was free   (Corky)

                                     

Suppose everything you say rhymes with shoelace and whim

Suppose kings opened doors for others    (Brenna)

                                     

Suppose you could look through the dark

and see the dog making its dreadful journey

Suppose you couldn't laugh or see beauty     (Rachel)

                              

Suppose your goal was to become a board    (Shelby)

                                   

Suppose making was in the midst     (Ben V)

                                     

Suppose the ground sizzled the damp of the room    (Jenny)

                                   

Suppose a sweater poked like a nail

Suppose flubber    (Lauren)

Exercise Four: Writing About Local History Through Photographs   

​

Model poem from writing about old photographs:   

 

An Old Photograph from Vermont

 

We are too far away to see the pattern

of the embroidery she holds against

the back of the chair in front of the house

with its open window and two screened doors.

 

Nor is her face clear, though she seems

to smile. Curves of a mountain blur off

to each side, and a pair of apple trees

press thin shade upon the walls.

 

It is late summer, blackberry season.

 

Beyond fields which we cannot see, a stream

burrows into the cool side of a hill. Further,

in wild country where she has never gone,

one dark pond reflects a circle of spruce,

 

and the birds are silent, for this is the time

just before a storm, when leaves grow heavy,

and your heat thickens for no reason.

 

Why, then, is she smiling,

 

as the first gust falls into the yard, as husband

or father calls from the house, telling her

to come in, far off telling her that, as

 

she strays into the crush of weeds, at the edge

of the field, beyond garden, barn, and all

of us. You would think she believes

 

the wind will carry her away.

 

-Lawrence Raab – from Mysteries of the Horizon

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OldPhoto-1.png

Figure 7.16  Unknown photographer, “Sister Vanatta, Butcher”

 

Sister Vanatta

He keeps his shop so clean,

even thought the freshly

cut meat hangs on the wall.

Only two lights to the room,

but the sun shines in so bright.

You can hear the Dayton National Ohio

cash register click on the $1 sign.

You can almost feel the

chariot engraved in the

southwestern wall.

But what you don't notice

nor does he

is that above the door

is a reflection of

a face, my face,

with my staff and halo.

For I am his guardian angel

that watches a man

with winter hair & floor

patterns of leaves.

I am his watcher.

-Sarah M (10th grade/Mt.Gilead H.S.)

 

What If

...the reflections on the new Chevy are foreshadow

to modern day Zebra Stripes?

...the hydraulic lift uses strength holding life

up high?

What if their days have gone bad, but yet they

keep going, looking intent?

What if they're old friends from high school

reuniting, bringing back memories?

What if they are nothing but kind strangers,

one helping the other out?

 

What if they're finishing up last minute work

before their wives call them in for dinner?

 

What if they're friendly Mt. Gileadeans

just doing what they love to do?

-Shelby

 

© 2023 Terry Hermsen

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