How to Engage Students in Poetry
This book is chockfull of student poetry samples and unique ideas, including field trips and a poetry night hike, to spark students' imaginations and inspire them to write poetry.
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Poetry of Place: Helping Students Write Their Worlds isn’t your typical book about teaching poetry. Sure, you’ll find plenty of information on helping students learn the fundamentals of writing poetry. But you’ll also find creative, innovative ways to engage students in poetry―even those students who may be initially resistant to poetry. Through his extensive work with students in grade school through high school, poet-in-residence Terry Hermsen has learned how to foster a love of poetry by taking the learning out of the classroom―and into students’ real lives. With numerous lessons and activities, Hermsen demonstrates how even the most mundane, everyday items―from “stuff” to food to photographs―can spark the imagination of student poets. Truly teacher-tested, Hermsen’s lessons draw on his extensive teaching career as well as a semester-long case study conducted in two high school English classes in Mt. Gilead, Ohio. Activities include using literature and art to spark ideas for poems, transforming a routine field trip into a poetry-writing session, and exploring nature and students’ surroundings through a poetry night hike. Filled with student examples, this book illustrates that poetry doesn’t have to be boring. It can help students develop interpretive and creative thinking skills while helping them better understand the world around them, wherever they may live.
Exercises and Excerpts
​A Generative Cycle: Four Tasks of Poetry
Metaphor
“Unless you are at home in the metaphor, unless you’ve had your proper poetical education in the metaphor, you are not safe anywhere. Because you are not at ease with figurative values: you don’t know the metaphor in its strengths and its weaknesses. You don’t know how far you may expect to ride it and when it may break down with you. You are not safe in science; you are not safe in history.” -Robert Frost, “Education by Poetry”
from John Ciardi (How Does a Poem Mean?): all words as metaphor…
examples: “Clue” = originally “clew,” a ball of string or yarn. Theseus unwound a clew as he made his way through the labyrinth.
Or: “Curfew” = form the French words: “couvrir” (cover) + “feu” (fire) The Medieval rule being that “domestic fires must be extinguished at bedtime” (to prevent the house—and the town—burning down).
Physicality
“Through metaphor, we make use of patterns that obtain in our physical experience to organize our more abstract understanding.”
-Mark Johnson, The Body in the Mind (emphasis mine)
Just as we use phrases like “We’re not there yet…” or “Literacy metaphor occupies just a small corner in the house of analogical thought.” “A concept is a package of analogies.”
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-D.R. Hofstadter, in “Analogy as the Core of Cognition” in which he speaks of the word “shadow” as a physical concept we apply in various analogical ways:
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A mountain chain’s “rain shadow”
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“a young woman who aspires to join her high-school swimming team but whose mother was an Olympic swimmer… ‘swimming in the shadow of her mother’”
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As well as a “population shadow” used by geographers to refer to situations such as that after WWII where certain decimated groups had a drop in births for several generations.”
Visuality
-W.J.T. Mitchell, from Iconology & Picture Theory:
“Postmodernism is an explosive breaking down of that barrier between vision and language that had been rigorously maintained by modernism.”
“Word and image are like two hunters pursuing their quarry by two paths.”
“Everything—nature, politics, sex, other people—comes to us now as an image.”
“[For Foucault,] knowledge itself is ‘a system of archeological strata made from things and words … from bands of visibility and bands of readability’.”
Play
from Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Biographia Literaria:
“The primary IMAGINATION I hold to be the living power and prime agent of all human perception … The secondary I consider as an echo of the former, coexisting with the conscious will … and differing only in degree … It [the secondary imagination] dissolves, dissipates, in order to recreate …”
from Susan Stewart, Nonsense
“Each world presents a system of differences in relation to any other world. To step into the artistic text is to transform the external into the internal … And each transformation opens up the possibilities of transformation itself.”
“Like [money], [language] is a confidence game society plays with and against itself.”
from Johan Huizinga, Homo Ludens: “Civilization arises and unfolds in and as play.”
from Gregory Bateson, Steps Toward an Ecology of Mind:
“This is what we’re doing much of the time … plugging in
‘ready-made sentences’ to substitute for thought. … In order
to think new thoughts, or to say new things, we have to break
up all our ready-made ideas and shuffle the pieces.”
Four Sample Assignments
Exercise #1: Mockingbird Moments: Riddles for Novels
Riddle for one moment in To Kill a Mockingbird
Knocking on the chamber door
An answer
Skulking, hit by a breeze of dragon's breath
Dark, gloomy, a hint of courage or death
Holding my sentence in my hand
I enter
wretched visions
I start to slay
-Josh (10th grade/Mt.Gilead, Ohio)
MR EWELL
The cool drink is like a morning dewdrop
to my tongue. But I don't taste it.
The smell of fall rushes through my nostrils,
but I don't smell it.
My mind is as focused as I can,
here with this bottle in my hand.
I hear some children talking - it's HIS boy.
My nose boils and I start following them in
this blue-black darkness.
They stop, I stop, I feel the cold shine of
the metal on my thigh. I pull it out, and grin
wickedly.
This is best served cold!
I race at them, but the boy hears me. That ain’t
right, he has a ham?
He hits me but I hit him harder. He falls...
I slice at the ham.
I twist his arm and hear a crack, like a branch
snapping in a high wind.
Someone else is here, I hear them, I turn
but trip, I put my hand out, but this cold, hard
metal was waiting... I fall, never thinking, but
I feel something hit my stomach.
The knife had been waiting... for me.
-Brian D. (10th
grade/ Mt. Gilead, Ohio)
Elizabeth Proctor (based on The Crucible)
The dirt is rusting,
the walls bare.
But light
shoots like an
arrow through it.
The wall breaks
down.
There he stands,
his head like
a torch,
his body,
the sun.
He reaches
for me,
I for him.
We touch
and I feel
silk and water,
yet feel nothing.
He raises his glamorous wings
and sails on the
moonlight,
the wall fixes
itself, but I am
not afraid,
for I have
the light in me.
-Brian D. (10th
grade/ Mt. Gilead, Ohio)
Exercise #2: Earth Water Fire and Air
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Model Poem for using “the elements” for writing about memory:
Childhood
Newspapers scarred the stream;
Words swirled in the eddies;
Grey figures - a dead thief,
The President and his wife,
Two race horses - floated past
And sank...
Or snagged the rocks
Rippling the slow water
Until the sun, like a man
With a knife, cut them apart
So they could sail away.
...
On the last night, outside my tent, someone
Startled the woods: a flashlight fluttered; twigs,
Like small animals, crackled underfoot;
Mosquitoes buzzed the netting. I held my breath
To hear the hushed voices, a muffled cough,
A siren down the road...
A match was struck,
I crawled outside: my mother and my father,
Dressed in white, stood near the sumac, waving
Their hands of fire. They touched the trees, they licked
Their palms, and rose above the burning woods.
-Christopher Merrill, from Watch Fire
The Lure
Planted like a tree on the edge of the bank
My box of traps is my accomplice
Ripples, clouds that come and linger
Shifty and uncertain, it moves along...
and comes back,
it is also my secret friend.
The light plays with my senses
My mind drifts and is consumed
The immaculate display of whim...
I am a willing captive.
Bethany (10th gr., Mt. Gilead HS)
The Fire
Sitting there glowing in the night,
How I got here I don't know
People standing all around me rubbing their hands
They're relying on me to keep them warm
I start to flicker and shrink
A man grabs a stick and starts to poke at me
Trying to stay strong for their sake,
I just don't have the power to
So slowly I start to die
As I feel I've disappointed them
Brittany (10th gr., Mt.Gilead HS)
Building Our House
From the ground up we built it
The rocky earth was shifted, heaped, and moved
Until we found its position satisfactory
At first it was just a hole in the ground
But later it would become much more
The summer rains turned it into the mud puddle of a giant
Winter would bring icy winds
And freeze the earth solid
I can still hear the low hum then roar
Of the space heater
I can still smell the burning leaves
-Heather (10th gr., Mt. Gilead HS)
Climbing a tree or a rope
I hold fast to the earth as
I move up through the air. Knowing
if I were to let go, the air
would pass right through me, & I'd
be back to where the air
began.
Sarah M (10th gr., Mt. Gilead HS)
Exercise #3: Supposing
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1. Pass out 35 blank cards to each "player."
2. Have each person put "concrete nouns" on the first ten, each word with a strong B, D, G, K, P, or T sound (called the mutes, and said by many people, including Mary Oliver, to be the strongest sounds in the language, especially for poetry).
3. Shuffle these cards and deal out four to yourself, leaving the blank cards aside.
4. For each of these four words, come up with three words that "alliterate" with it, either for the first letter or for other strong letters (for "strum," for instance, one might add three cards with "middle," "song" and "strike"). The only hint here would be to keep the words as physically or concrete based as possible. At this point, you will have 22 cards.
5. Now, add five active, interesting verbs from your blank cards. You will then have 27 word cards.
6. Shuffle all the cards-with-words on them again, and draw out four more, adding two "half-rhymes" for each (half-rhymes being words that almost rhyme, but not quite--such as "leaf" having some of the sound of "life," but not all; they can add a subtle new texture to poems, without the reader being so blatantly made aware of it, as with full rhyme).
This should give you a deck of 35 words, each with at least a certain amount of sound potential in relationship to the other words.
Model poem for working with “supposing” and playful language:
SUPPOSE YOUR FATHER WAS A REDBIRD
Suppose his body was the meticulous layering
Of graduated down which you studied early,
Rows of feathers increasing in size to the hard-splayed
Wine-gloss tips of his outer edges.
Suppose, before you could speak, you watched
The slow spread of his wing over and over,
The appearance of that invisible appendage,
The unfolding transformation of his body to the airborne.
And you followed his departure again and again,
Learning to distinguish the red microbe of his being
Far into the line of the horizon.
Then today you might be the only one able to see
The breast of a single red bloom
Five miles away across an open field.
The modification of your eye might have enabled you
To spot a red moth hanging on an oak branch
In the exact center of the Aurorean Forest.
And you could define for us, "hearing red in the air,"
As you predict the day pollen from the poppy
Will blow in from the valley.
Naturally you would picture your faith arranged
In filamented principles moving from pink
To crimson at the final quill. And the red tremble
Of your dream you might explain as the shimmer
Of his back lost over the sea at dawn.
Your sudden visions you might interpret as the uncreasing
Of heaven, the bones of the sky spread,
The conceptualized wing of the mind untangling.
Imagine the intensity of your revelation
The night the entire body of a star turns red
And you watch it as it rushes in flames
Across the black, down into the hills.
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If your father was a redbird,
Then you would be obligated to try to understand
What it is you recognize in the sun
As you study it again this evening
Pulling itself and the sky in dark red
Over the edge of the earth.
-Pattiann Rogers, from FIRE KEEPER
STUDENT EXAMPLES—from Jill Grubb’s 10th grade English/Mt. Gilead, Ohio:
Suppose sleepy sunsets were sheets of silk
Suppose gallantly green gardens were swallowed
in darkness (Amber)
Suppose Christmas presents hung from pillows
Suppose the pinnacle of the beaming lamp ran away
Suppose the laugh of water could be heard all over (Bethany)
Suppose stampedes were clumsy
Suppose laughter had a temper (Nate)
Suppose a distant daylight dawned inside your brain (Brian)
Suppose you were a catdog and romped in the grass
You looking dark and flubbery (Heather)
Suppose all the stones were trees and all the trees
were stone as the water is cement and the bus is a camel
Turn fur into dogs or a dock into a giant bomb exploding
with a boom and a laugh, and every lock in the world was free (Corky)
Suppose everything you say rhymes with shoelace and whim
Suppose kings opened doors for others (Brenna)
Suppose you could look through the dark
and see the dog making its dreadful journey
Suppose you couldn't laugh or see beauty (Rachel)
Suppose your goal was to become a board (Shelby)
Suppose making was in the midst (Ben V)
Suppose the ground sizzled the damp of the room (Jenny)
Suppose a sweater poked like a nail
Suppose flubber (Lauren)
Exercise Four: Writing About Local History Through Photographs
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Model poem from writing about old photographs:
An Old Photograph from Vermont
We are too far away to see the pattern
of the embroidery she holds against
the back of the chair in front of the house
with its open window and two screened doors.
Nor is her face clear, though she seems
to smile. Curves of a mountain blur off
to each side, and a pair of apple trees
press thin shade upon the walls.
It is late summer, blackberry season.
Beyond fields which we cannot see, a stream
burrows into the cool side of a hill. Further,
in wild country where she has never gone,
one dark pond reflects a circle of spruce,
and the birds are silent, for this is the time
just before a storm, when leaves grow heavy,
and your heat thickens for no reason.
Why, then, is she smiling,
as the first gust falls into the yard, as husband
or father calls from the house, telling her
to come in, far off telling her that, as
she strays into the crush of weeds, at the edge
of the field, beyond garden, barn, and all
of us. You would think she believes
the wind will carry her away.
-Lawrence Raab – from Mysteries of the Horizon
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Figure 7.16 Unknown photographer, “Sister Vanatta, Butcher”
Sister Vanatta
He keeps his shop so clean,
even thought the freshly
cut meat hangs on the wall.
Only two lights to the room,
but the sun shines in so bright.
You can hear the Dayton National Ohio
cash register click on the $1 sign.
You can almost feel the
chariot engraved in the
southwestern wall.
But what you don't notice
nor does he
is that above the door
is a reflection of
a face, my face,
with my staff and halo.
For I am his guardian angel
that watches a man
with winter hair & floor
patterns of leaves.
I am his watcher.
-Sarah M (10th grade/Mt.Gilead H.S.)

What If
...the reflections on the new Chevy are foreshadow
to modern day Zebra Stripes?
...the hydraulic lift uses strength holding life
up high?
What if their days have gone bad, but yet they
keep going, looking intent?
What if they're old friends from high school
reuniting, bringing back memories?
What if they are nothing but kind strangers,
one helping the other out?
What if they're finishing up last minute work
before their wives call them in for dinner?
What if they're friendly Mt. Gileadeans
just doing what they love to do?
-Shelby